Common Wildflowers of Toronto
An Identification Guide
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1. Green flowers
- Skunk-cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)
- Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum)
- Narrow-leaved Cattail (Typha angustifolia)
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2. White flowers (1)
- Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
- Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)
- White Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum)
- Canada Anemone (Anemone canadensis)
- Ox-eye Daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum)
- Evening Lychnis (Silene latifolia)
- Bladder campion (Silene vulgaris)
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3. White flowers (2)
- Virginia Water-leaf (Hydrophyllum virginianum)
- Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata)
- Dame's Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
- Cow-parsnip (Heracleum lanatum)
- White Clover (Trifolium repens)
- White Sweet Clover (Melilotus alba)
- Field Penny-cress (Thlaspi arvense)
- Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota)
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4. Red/pink flowers
- Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)
- Purple Trillium (Trillium erectum)
- Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
- Purple Flowering Raspberry (Rubus odoratus)
- Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)
- Hairy Beard-tongue (Penstemon hirsutus)
- Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
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5. Blue/purple flowers
- Sharp-lobed Hepatica (Hepatica acutiloba)
- Blue-flag (Iris virginica)
- Purple Vetch (Vicia americana)
- Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
- Blueweed (Echium vulgare)
- Bitter Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)
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6. Yellow flowers (1)
- Marsh-marigold (Caltha palustris)
- Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta)
- Trout Lily (Erythronium americanum)
- Bush Honeysuckle (Diervilla lonicera)
- Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)
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7. Yellow flowers (2)
- Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara)
- Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
- Meadow Goat's-beard (Tragopodon pratensis)
- Fringed Loosestrife (Lysimachia ciliata)
- Agrimony (Agrimonia sp.)
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8. Yellow flowers (3)
- Black Mustard (Brassica nigra)
- Celandine (Chelidonium majus)
- Common St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum)
- Common Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare)
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9. New species
- Wild Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
- Butterfly-weed (Asclepias tuberosa)
- Blue-stem Goldenrod (Solidago caesia)
- Zig-zag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis)
- Woodland Sunflower (Helianthus divaricatus)
- Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)
- Common Reed (Phragmites australis)
- White Heath Aster (Aster ericoides)
- Heart-leaved Aster (Aster cordifolius)
- New England Aster (Aster novae-angliae)
- Spotted Touch-me-not (Impatiens capensis)
- Duckweed (Lemna minor)
- Orange Day-lily (Hemerocallis fulva)
- Common Plantain (Plantago major)
- Common Mullein (Verbascum thapsis)
- Fleabanes (Erigeron spp.)
- Common Mallow (Malva neglecta)
- Broad-leaved Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia)
- Bullhead Pond-lily (Nuphar variegata)
- Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)
- Spotted Joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium maculatum)
- Gray-headed Coneflower (Ratibida pinnata)
- Common Burdock (Arctium minus)
- Wild Lupine (Lupinus perennis)
- Rough-fruited Cinquefoil (Potentilla recta)
- Riverbank Grape (Vitis riparia)
- Field Forget-me-not (Myosotis scorpioides)
- Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
- Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
- Butter-and-eggs (Linaria vulgaris)
- European Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica)
- Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum)
- Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
- Canada Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis)
- Tall Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)
- Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)
- Boneset (Eupatrorium perfoliatum)
- Spring Beauty (Claytonia virginica)
- Michigan Lily (Lilium michiganense)
- Violets (Viola spp.)
- Wild Lily-of-the-valley (Maianthemum canadensis)
- Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
- Yellow Lady's Slipper (Cyripedium calceolus)
- Hairy Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum pubescens)
- Wild Geranium (Geranium maculatum)
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