Spring Wildflowers of Toronto
An Identification Guide
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1. Green flowers
- Skunk-cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)
- Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum)
- Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
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2. White flowers (1)
- Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
- Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)
- White Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum)
- White Baneberry (Actaea pachypoda)
- Foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia)
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3. White flowers (2)
- Evening Lychnis (Silene latifolia)
- Wild Strawberry (Fragaria virginiana)
- Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata)
- Cut-leaved Toothwort (Dentaria concatenata)
- Wild Sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis)
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4. White flowers (3)
- Wild Lily-of-the-valley (Maianthemum canadensis)
- Garden Lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis)
- False Solomon's Seal (Maianthemum racemosum)
- Star-flowered False Solomon's Seal (Maianthemum stellata)
- Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum biflorum)
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5. Red/pink flowers
- Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)
- Purple Trillium (Trillium erectum)
- Prairie Smoke (Geum trifolium)
- Rose Twisted-stalk (Streptopus roseus)
- Spring Beauty (Claytonia virginica)
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6. Blue/purple flowers
- Sharp-lobed Hepatica (Hepatica acutiloba)
- Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea)
- Bluets (Scilla siberica)
- Periwinkle (Vinca minor)
- Wild Geranium (Geranium maculatum)
- Wild Ginger (Asarum canadense)
- Violets (Viola spp.)
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7. Yellow flowers (1)
- Large-flowered Bellwort (Uvularia grandiflora)
- Marsh-marigold (Caltha palustris)
- Trout Lily (Erythronium americanum)
- Bluebead-lily (Clintonia borealis)
- Early Meadow-rue (Thalictrum dioicum)
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8. Yellow flowers (2)
- Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara)
- Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
- Black Mustard (Brassica nigra)
- Celandine (Chelidonium majus)
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